Bibliography on Women and Gender in the Sudan

compiled by: Sondra Hale and Michael Kevane

July 20, 2000

Abdel Azim, Munira Ahmad, et al. Women in Public Administration and Management: Upward Mobility and Career Advancement. Omdurman: School of Organizational Management, Ahfad University, 1984.

Abdel Gadir, Nur el-Tayib. El-Mara el-Amila fi el-Sudan (The Working Woman in Sudan). Khartoum: Department of Labour and Social Security, Division of Research, Information, and Media, 1984.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. Comments on the Unified Code of Personal Law For Muslims in Arab Countries. Cairo: Arab Lawyers Union, 1989. Papers of the Center for Research and Legal Studies.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Claiming Our Bodies and Our Rights: Exploring Female Circumcision as an Act of Violence." In Freedom from Violence: Women's Strategies Around the World,, ed. Margaret Schuler, 141-56. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women, 1992.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Violence Against Women, a Human Rights Issue." In Claiming Our Place, Institute for Women, Law, and Development. Washington, D.C., 1993.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Challenges to the Application of International Women's Human Rights in the Sudan." In Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives, ed. Rebecca Cook. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Tools of Suppression." In Human Rights of African Women. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University, Center for Women's Global Rights, 1994.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Rituals and Angels: A Case Study of Female Circumcision in the Sudan." In From Basic Needs to Basic Rights, ed. Margaret Schuler. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Women, Law, and Development, 1995.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Attack with a Friendly Weapon." In What Women Do During War Time, ed. Meredith Turshen. London: Zed, 1998.

Abdel Haleem, Asma M. "Reconciling the Opposites: Equal but Subordinate." In Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human Rights of Women, ed. Courtney Howland. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Ahfad University for Women. Warshat amal dor al- Malomat wa al-Tawtheeg fi Tanmyat al-Mara (Workshop on the Role of Information and Documentation in the Development of Sudanese Women). Omdurman: Ahfad University for Women, 1995.

Ahmed, Samira Amin, Inaam A. Elmahdi, Belgis Y. Bedri, Samya el-Hadi el-Nagar, and Amna Badri. Population Problems, Status of Women and Development. , 1986. Paper presented at the Third National Population Conference, University of Khartoum, Khartoum.

Ahmed, Samira Amin. "The Impact of Migration on Conjugal Relationships: A Study of Sudanese Migrants in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)." Ph.D, 1986.

Ahmed, Enshrah Mohamed. "Educational Policies and Gender Implications in the Sudan." In Proceedings of the Conference on the State and Future of Higher Education in Sudan, ed. Mohamed el-Tom, 33-47. Cairo: Association of Sudanese Academics, 1999.

Ahmed, S. A. M., and M. H. F. Shalayel. "Role of cortisol in the deterioration of glucose tolerance in Sudanese pregnant women." East African Medical Journal76, no. 8 (1999): 465-467.

Al-Bagir, Badria. "Women Islamist Movement in Sudan." Diploma, Institute of African and Asian Studies, 1990.

Al-Bashir, Nagwa M. Ali. "Women in Public Life: The Experience of Muslim Sisters, a Case from Sudan." Unpublished M.Sc., University of Khartoum, Graduate College, 1996.

Al-Fadil, Lubaba. Al-Mara Maugf Hadari wa Rasali. Khartoum: Central States Press, 1992.

Al-Hassan, Idris Salim. "Al-Mara fi Sharg al Sudan: Ishkalia Bahtheia (Women in Eastern Sudan: A Research Problem)." Journal of Sudanese Studies 11, no. 1\2 (1990): 94-97.

Al-Safi, Mahasin Abdel Gadir Haj, ed. Nisa Omdurman (in Arabic, The women of Omdurman). Omdurman: Mohamed Omer Beshir Centre for Sudanese Studies, 1998.

al-Tayib, Ismail Ahmed. "Dor Sahafat al-Mara fi Ebraz Gadayaha (The Role of the Women's Press in Highlighting Problems Facing Women)." Un-published M.A., Omdurman Islamic University, 1994.

Al-Turabi, Hasan. Women in Islam and Muslim Society. London: Milestones, 1991.

Ali, Nada Mustafa. "The Invisible Economy, Survival, and Empowerment: Five Cases from Atbara, Sudan." In Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy, ed. Richard Lobban, 96-109. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 1998.

An-Naim, Abdullahi. "Islam and Women's Rights." A paper delivered at the WILDAF, 1994.

Anis, Azza. Moving Boundaries: Forms of Resistance and Women's Solidarity in Islamist Sudan. New Haven: Yale University, 1999. Unpublished paper, Conference on Religion and Conflict in Sudan.

Arahman, S. H., A. A. Mohamedani, E. M. Mirgani, and A. M. Ibrahim. "Gender Aspects and Womens Participation in the Control and Management of Malaria in Central Sudan." Social Science & Medicine 42, no. 10 (1996): 1433-1446.

Azrag, Zeinab Abdel Rahman. "Min Khasaeis Lugat al-Nisa bi Omdurman (Some Language Characteristics of Omdurman Women)." Unpublished M.A., University of Khartoum, 1994.

Baasher, T.A. Psychological Aspects of Female Circumcision. Report on a Seminar in Khartoum: WHO/EMRO Technical Publication, 2,, 1979.

Badran, Margot. "Khartoum's Answer to Beijing." Al-Ahram Weekly, September 5-11 1996.

Badri, Amna el-Sadik, Mariam Khalf Alla Shabo, Elhan el-Nujumi, Maarwa Ahmed el-Obeid, and Majda Mustafa Hassan. "Income Generating Projects for Women." In Women and the Environment, ed. Diana Baxter, 30-35. Khartoum: University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, 1981.

Badri, Haga Kashif. al-Harakah al-nisaiyah fi al-Sudan. al-Tabah 1. ed. al-Khartum: Dar Jamiat al-Khartum, 1984.

Badri, Haga Kashif. Women's movement in the Sudan. New Delhi: Asia News Agency, 1986.

Badri, Balghis Yousif. "Food and Differential Roles in the Fetiehab Household." In The Sudanese Woman, ed. Susan Kenyon, 67-91. Khartoum: University of Khartoum, Graduate College Publications, 1987.

Badri, Amna el-Sadik. Women in Management and Public Administration in Sudan. Khartoum: Sudan, School of Business and Administrative Sciences, University of Khartoum, 1987.

Badri, Amira. "Enhancement of Women Participation in Community Development: A Case of Al-Omerab village." The Ahfad Journal 7, no. 2 (1995): 55-64.

Badri, Amna and Shahira Osama. "Women and Mass Media: A Critical and Analytical Study of the Portrayal of Sudanese Women." The Ahfad Journal 12, no. 1 (1995): 24-62.

Badri, Ali. An Overview of the General Theme. Omdurman: Babiker Badri Scientific Association, 1995. Workshop on Social Development.

Bakr, S.A. "Circumcision and Infibulation in the Sudan." In Fifth Congress of Obsted. and Gyn, 1979.

Bakr, S.A. "Circumcision and Infibulation in the Sudan." In WHO/EMRO Technical Publication: Seminar on Traditional Health Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children in Africa. Alexandria, 1982.

Ballal, Ahmed Ibrahim. Psychological effects of female circumcision. 1st ed. New York: Vantage Press, 1992.

Ballot, J. Food systems and society : the situation of women in the Equatoria Region, Sudan : report on a mission. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1985.

Baxter, Diana. "Introduction--Women and Environment: A Downward Spiral." In Women and the Environment in the Sudan, ed. Diana Baxter, 1-7. Khartoum: Environmental Research Paper Series No. 2, University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, 1981.

Baxter, Diana, ed. Women and the Environment in the Sudan, Environmental Research Paper Series. Khartoum: University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, 1981.

Beasley, Ina, and Janet Starkey. Before the wind changed : people, places, and education in the Sudan Oriental and African archives ; 1. Oxford ; New York: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1992.

Bedri, Nafisa Salman, and Lee G. Burchinal. "Educational Attainment as an Indicator of the Status of Women in the Sudan." The Ahfad Journal 2, no. 1 (1985): 30-38.

Bell, H. "Midwifery training and female circumcision in the inter-war Anglo-Egyptian Sudan." Journal of African History 39, no. 2 (1998): 293-312.

Bernal, Victoria. "Losing Ground: Women and Agriculture on Sudan's Irrigated Schemes: Lessons from a Blue Nile Village." In Agriculture, Women and Land: The African Experience, ed. Jean Davison, 131-56. Boulder: Westview, 1988.

Bernal, Victoria. Gender, culture and capitalism in the Islamic revival (Sudan). Boston, MA (270 Bay State Rd., Boston 02215): African Studies Center Boston University, 1992.

Bernal, V. "Gender, Culture, and Capitalism - Women and the Remaking of Islamic Tradition in a Sudanese Village." Comparative Studies in Society and History 36, no. 1 (1994): 36-67.

Bernal, Victoria. "Islam, Transitional Culture and Modernity in Rural Sudan." In Gendered Encounters: Challenging Cultural Boundaries and Social Hierarchies in Africa., ed. M. Ngate and O. Kokole. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Boddy, Janice. "Womb As Oasis: The Symbolic Content of Pharoanic Circumcision in Rural Northern Sudan." American Ethnologist 9, no. 4 (1982): 682-698.

Boddy, Janice Patricia. Wombs and alien spirits : women, men, and the Zar cult in northern Sudan New directions in anthropological writing. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.

Boehringer-Abdalla, Gabriele. Frauenkultur im Sudan. Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum, 1987.

Bruce, James. Les Abyssiniennes et les femmes du Soudan oriental. Turin: Jean Gay, 1876.

Cloudsley, Anne. The women of Omdurman : victims of circumcision. London: A. Cloudsley, 1981.

Cloudsley, Anne. Women of Omdurman : life, love and the cult of virginity. Enl., rev. ed. London: Ethnographica, 1983.

Constantinides, Pamela. "Women's Spirit Possession and Urban Adaptation." In Women United, Women Divided: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Female Solidarity, ed. Patricia Caplan and Janet Bujra, 185-205. London: Tavistock, 1978.

Cunnison, Ian. Baggara Arabs: Power and the Lineage in a Sudanese Nomad Tribe. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

el Badawi, Zenab el Fatih, and Sudan. Wiz*arat al-I*l*am wa-al-Shu**un al-Ijtim*a*iyah. The development of the Sudanese women movement. Khartoum?: Ministry of Information and Social Affairs Repullic i.e. Republic of the Sudan, 1966.

El Dareer, Asma. Woman, why do you weep? : circumcision and its consequences. London: Zed Press, 1982.

el-Amin, Nafissa Ahmed. The Sudanese Woman throughout the History of Her Struggle. Khartoum: Government Press, 1972.

el-Amin, Nafissa Ahmed. "Education and Family." In Change and the Muslim World, ed. Philip Stoddard, David Cuthell, and Margaret Sullivan, 87-94. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1981.

el-Amin, Nafissa Ahmed. Ahfad Preparatory Committee for the 4th World Conference on Women. Omdurman: Ahfad University for Women, 1995.

el-Badawi, Suad el-Fatih. Development of the Sudanese Women's Movement (Arabic). Khartoum: Sudan Government, Ministry of Information and Social Affairs, 1986.

el-Badawi, Suad el-Fatih. "The Women Members of the Constituent Assembly." El-Sahafa, 3 May 1986 1986, 10.

el-Bakri, Zeinab , and el-Wathig M. Kameir. "Aspects of Women's Political Participation in Sudan." International Social Science Journal 35, no. 4 (1983): 605-23.

el-Bakri, Zeinab, el-Wathig Kamier, Idris Salim el-Hassan, and Samya el-Nagar. The State of Women Studies in the Sudan. Khartoum: Development Studies and Research Centre, Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, University of Khartoum, 1985.

el-Bakri, Zeinab B, and el-Wathig M. Kameir. Women and Development Policies in Sudan: A Critical Outlook. Nairobi, 1986. Paper no. 46, presented at the 2d OSSREA Congress.

el-Bakri, Zeinab Bashir, Fahima Zahir (el-Sadaty), Belghis Badri, Tamadur Ahmed Khalid, and Madiha el-Sanusi. "Sudanese Sub-Project: Women in Sudan in the Twentieth Century." In Women's Movements and Organizations in Historical Perspective: Project Summaries and Evaluation, ed. Saskia Wieringa, 175-85. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies, Women and Development Programme, 1987?

el-Bakri, Zeinab, et al.,. "Women's Participation in Social and Political Life in Sudanese Rural Communities." In Women in Arab Society: Work Patterns and Gender Relations in Egypt, Jordan and Sudan., ed. et al. S. Sahm. New York: Berg and Paris: UNESCO, 1990.

el-Bakri, Zeinab, and et al. "Bibliographia dirasat al-Mara al-Sudanya (Bibliography of Sudanese Women's Studies)." Journal of Sudanese Studies 11, no. 1 (1991): 121-143.

el-Bakri, Zeinab, and el-Haj Hamad M. Khier. "Review of Women of the Sudan by Ellen Ismail and Maureen Mekki. (in Arabic)." Journal of Sudanese Studies11, no. 1/2 (1991): 119-120.

el-Bakri, Zeinab. On the Crisis of the Sudanese Women's Movement. The Hague: ISIS, 2000?

el-Bakri , Zeinab, and el-Haj Hamad M. Khier. Sudanese Women in History and Historiography: A Proposed Strategy for Curriculum Change. Khartoum: National Council for Research, Sudan Family Planning Association, 1989. Paper presented at the Workshop on Women's Studies in Sudan.

el-Dareer, Asma. "Epidemiology of Female Circumcision in the Sudan." In Tropical Doctor 1, 41-45, 1983.

el-Farouk Hassan Heiba, Omer. "Letters." In Sudanow, 1979.

el-Nagar, Samia. "Patterns of Women Participation in the Labour Force in Khartoum." Ph.D., University of Khartoum, 1985.

el-Nagar, Samia. "Women and Spirit Possession in Omdurman." In The Sudanese Woman, ed. Susan Kenyon, 92-115. Khartoum: Graduate College Publications, University of Khartoum, 1987.

el-Sanousi, Magda M., and Nafissa Ahmed el-Amin. "The Women's Movement, Displaced Women, and Rural Women in Sudan." In Women and Politics Worldwide, ed. Barbara Nelson and Najma Chowdhury, 675-89. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

Elkarib, A. O., M. D. Laryea, E. Mayatepek, E. O. Elamin, H. M. Ahmed, and H. J. Bremer. "Plasma Retinol and Tocopherols of Breast-Feeding Sudanese Women." Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 40, no. 4 (1989): 405-408.

Elnagar, B., A. Eltom, L. Wide, M. GebreMedhin, and F. A. Karlsson. "Iodine status, thyroid function and pregnancy: study of Swedish and Sudanese women." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, no. 5 (1998): 351-355.

Elshibly, E. M., G. S. Atabani, N. M. Osman, D. A. Hassan, B. O. Saeed, and M. I. Omer. "Cord and Maternal Glycosylated Haemoglobin Levels - a Study in Sudanese Pregnant Diabetic Women." Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 10, no. 4 (1990): 373-376.

Eltom, A., B. Elnagar, and M. Gebre-Medhin. "Thyroid hormones and iodine status in Sudanese pregnant women with goitre." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 50, no. 2 (1999): 105-109.

Eltom, A., M. Eltom, B. Elnagar, M. Elbagir, and M. Gebre-Medhin. "Changes in iodine metabolism during late pregnancy and lactation: a longitudinal study among Sudanese women." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, no. 5 (2000): 429-433.

Fadlalla, Amal Hassan. "The Hadendawa Women: An Honourable Subordinate." M.Sc., University of Khartoum, 1992.

Faidutti, Roberto, and Caroline Webb. Women and community forestry in Sudan. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1986.

Farah, Amna. Enhancing Women's Participation in Agriculture and Rural Development. Khartoum: Development Studies and Research Centre, University of Khartoum, 1984. Paper presented at the Conference on the Contributions of Women to Development.

Farran, C. D'Olivier. Matrimonial Laws of the Sudan. London: Butterworth, 1963.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Women and Social Liberation: The Sudan Experience." In Three Studies on National Integration in the Arab World. Information Paper. North Dartmouth, Mass: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1974.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Agitation for Change in the Sudan." In Sexual Stratification, ed. Alice Schlegel, 127-143. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic law and society in the Sudan. London, England ; Totowa, N.J.: F. Cass, 1986.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment,." The Middle East Journal 44, no. 4 (1990): 610-23.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Personal Status Law in the Sudan." In Every Day Life in the Muslim Middle East, ed. D.L. Bowen and E. Early, 109-119. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Toward a Theory of Arab-Muslim Women as Activists in Secular and Religious Movements." Arab Studies Quarterly 15, no. 2 (1993).

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "A Comparison of the Development of Muslim Family Law in Tunisia, Egypt, and the Sudan." In Law and Anthropology Yearbook: University of Vienna, 1996.

Gay, Jean. Les abyssiniennes et les femmes du Soudan oriental : d'après les relations de Bruce, Browne, Cailliaud, Gobat, Dr. Cuny, Lejean, Baker, etc. Turin: J. Gay, 1876.

Gordon, D. "Female Circumcision and Genital Operations in Egypt and the Sudan - a Dilemma For Medical Anthropology." Medical Anthropology Quarterly5, no. 1 (1991): 3-14.

Grawert, Elke. Making a living in rural Sudan : production of women, labour migration of men, and policies for peasants' needs. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Gray, L. "The Effect of Drought and Economic Decline On Rural Women in Western Sudan." Geoforum 24, no. 1 (1993): 89-98.

Gray, C. S. "A case history based assessment of female genital mutilation in Sudan." Evaluation and Program Planning 21, no. 4 (1998): 429-436.

Gruenbaum, Ellen. "Medical Anthropology, Health Policy and the State: A Case Study of Sudan." Policy Studies Review 1, no. 1 (1981): 47-65.

Gruenbaum, Ellen. "Reproductive Ritual and Social Reproduction." In Economy and Class in Sudan, ed. Norman O'Neill and Jay O'Brien, 308-25. London: Gower, 1988.

Gruenbaum, Ellen. Nuer women in southern Sudan : health, reproduction, and work. East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University, 1990.

Gruenbaum, E. "The Islamic Movement, Development, and Health Education - Recent Changes in the Health of Rural Women in Central Sudan." Social Science & Medicine 33, no. 6 (1991): 637-645.

Gruenbaum, Ellen. "The Islamic State and Sudanese Women." MERIP Middle East Report 22, no. 6 (1992): 29-32.

Gruenbaum, E. "The cultural debate over female circumcision: The Sudanese are arguing this one out for themselves." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10, no. 4 (1996): 455-475.

Gunning, Isabelle. "Arrogant Perception, World- Travelling and Multicultural Feminism: The Case of Female Genital Surgeries." Columbia Human Rights Law Review 23, no. 189 (1992): 189-248.

Habash, Nada Mustafa. "The Role of Women in Mass Media." In Preparatory workshop for the 4th World Conference of Women, Beijing. Khartoum, 1995.

Hale, Sondra. "The Changing Ethnic Identity of Nubians in an Urban Milieu: Khartoum, Sudan." Ph.D., University of California, 1979.

Hale, Sondra. "Women and Work in Sudan: What Is Alienated Labor?" In Proceedings, Conference on Women and Work in the Third World, 245-50. Berkeley: Center for the Study, Education and Advancement of Women, University of California, 1983.

Hale, Sondra. "'Private' and 'Public' Labour: The Sudanese Woman Worker in the 1980's--A Pilot Study." The Ahfad Journal: Women and Change 2, no. 2 (1985): 36-40.

Hale, Sondra. "The Wing of the Patriarch: Sudanese Women and Revolutionary Parties." MERIP Middle East Report 16, no. 1 (1986): 25-30.

Hale, Sondra. "Women's Culture/Men's Culture: Gender, Separation, and Space in Africa and North America." American Behavioral Scientist 31, no. 1 (1987): 115-134.

Hale, Sondra. "Elite Nubians of Greater Khartoum: A Study of Changing Ethnic Alignments." In Economy and Class in Sudan, ed. Norman O'Neill and Jay O'Brien, 277-90. Avebury, England: Gower Publishing Company, 1988.

Hale, Sondra. "The Impact of Immigration on Women: The Sudanese Nubian Case." In In Across Cultures: The Spectrum of Women's Lives, ed. Emily K. Abel and Marjorie L. Pearson, 53-56. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1989.

Hale, Sondra. "The Politics of Gender in the Middle East." In Gender and Anthropology: Critical Reviews for Research and Teaching, ed. Sandra Morgen, 246-67. Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association, 1989.

Hale, S. "The Impact of Immigration On Women - the Sudanese Nubian Case." Womens Studies-an Interdisciplinary Journal 17, no. 1-2 (1989): 53-56.

Hale, Sondra. "Feminist Method, Process, and Self-Criticism: Interviewing Sudanese Women." In Women's Words: The Feminist Practice of Oral History, ed. Sherna Gluck and Daphne Patai, 121-36. London: Routledge, 1991.

Hale, Sondra. "The Rise of Islam and Women of the National Islamic Front in Sudan." Review of African Political Economy 54 (1992): 27-41.

Hale, Sondra. "Transforming Culture or Fostering Second-Hand Consciousness? Women's Front Organizations and Revolutionary Parties-- The Sudan Case." In Arab Women: Old Boundaries, New Frontiers, ed. Judith Tucker, 149-74. Bloomington: Indiana: University Press, 1993.

Hale, Sondra. "Gender, Religious Identity, and Political Mobilization in Sudan." In Identity Politics and Women: Cultural Reassertions and Feminisms in International Perspective, ed. Val Moghadam, 125-146. Boulder: Westview, 1994.

Hale, Sondra. "A Question of Subjects: The 'Female Circumcision' Controversy and the Politics of Knowledge." Ufahamu 22, no. 3 (1994): 26-35.

Hale, Sondra. Gender Politics and Islamization in Sudan. Los Angeles: The G.E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, University of California Los Angeles, 1994.

Hale, Sondra. "Gender and Economics; Islam and Polygamy-- A Question of Causality." Feminist Economics 1, no. 2 (1995): 1-13.

Hale, Sondra. "The Women of Sudan's National Islamic Front." In Political Islam, ed. Joe Stork and Joel Bienen, 234-249. Berkeley: University of California, 1996.

Hale, Sondra. Gender politics in Sudan : Islamism, socialism, and the state. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996.

Hale, Sondra. "Ideology and Identity: Islamism, Gender and the State in Sudan." In Mixed Blesings: Gender and Religious Fundamentalism, ed. Judy Brink and Joan Mencher, 117-142. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Hale, Sondra. "Mothers and Militias: Islamic State Construction of the Women Citizens of Northern Sudan." Citizenship Studies 3, no. 3 (1999): 373-386.

Hall, Marjorie J., and Bakhita Amin Ismail. Sisters under the sun : the story of Sudanese women. London ; New York: Longman, 1981.

Hammour, Fawzia. Sudanese Professional Women Series: Who--Is--Who in Women Studies. Khartoum: National Council for Research, Sudan Family Planning Association, 1989. Paper presented at the Workshop on Women's Studies in Sudan.

Hamza, Amal. "Women and Agrarian Change: Implication for Women Strategies on Land Ownership." The Ahfad Journal 7, no. 2 (1995): 42-54.

Hassan, Kamil Ibrahim. "Women's Contribution to the Economy." In Women and the Environment in the Sudan, ed. Diana Baxter. Khartoum: University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, 1981.

Hassan, Amna Abdel Rahman, Sakina Mohamed el- Hassan, Nawal Ahmed Adam, Afaf Ali Rehiman, Shahowa el-Gizouli, Mahasin Khider (el- Sayed), Asha Abdulla Ehsan Hussein, and Ibrahim Ahmed Osman. Woman Strategy for the Year 2000: Submitted to the Arab League. Khartoum: Sudan, Ministry of Social Welfare and Elzakat, Department of Social Welfare, 1986.

Hayes, Rose. "Female Genital Mutilation, Fertility Control, Women's Role and the Patrilineage in Modern Sudan." Ethnologist 2, no. 4 (1975): 617-33.

Hicks, Esther K. Infibulation: Female Mutilation in Islamic Northeastern Africa. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transactions, 1993.

Holcombe, Susan. Profiles of Women Agricultural Producers: A Sudan Example. : United Nations Development Fund for Women, 1988. UNIFEM occasional paper.

Husayn, Far idah Ibr ah im, and Ittihad al-Nisai al-Islami al-Alami. al-Marah wa-wilayat al-qadafi al-Islam Silsilat al-tasil wa-al-taghyir ; 6. al-Sudan: Amanat al-Nashr bi-al-Ittihad al-Nisai al-Islami al-Alami, 1998.

Ibrahim, Fatima Ahmed. el-Mara el-Arabiyya wal Taghyir el-Ijtimai (The Arab Woman and Social Change). Khartoum: el-Markaz el-Tibai, 1986.

Ibrahim, Fatima Ahmed. "Sudan's Attack on Women's Rights Exploits Islam." Africa News 37, no. 5 (1992): 5.

Ibrahim, Fatima Ahmed. "Arrow at Rest." In Women in Exile, ed. Mahnaz Afkhami, 191-208: University Press of Virginia, 1994.

Ibrahim, Fatima Ahmed. Our Harvest During Twenty Years. Khartoum: Sudanese Women's Union Press, n.d.

Ibrahim, Fatima Ahmed. "Tariqnu ila el-Tuharur (Our Road to Emancipation)." (n.d.).

Idris, Awad al Karim. Wage al-Ealamiat fi al- Sudan (The State and Reality of Sudanese Women Journalists). Khartoum: National Council for Research, 1991.

Ismail, Ellen. Social Environment and Daily Routine of Sudanese Women: A Case Study of Urban Middle Class Housewives. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, Kolner Ethnologische Studien, Band 6, 1982.

Ismail, Ellen T. Social environment and daily routine of Sudanese women : a case study of urban middle class housewives Kölner ethnologische Studien ; Bd. 6. Berlin: Reimer, 1982.

Ismail, Ellen T. Bukra, insha' Allah : a look into Sudanese culture. Köln, Germany: E. Ismail-Schmidt, 1986.

Ismail, Ellen T., and Maureen Makki. Frauen im Sudan. Wuppertal: P. Hammer, 1990.

Ismail, Ellen T., and Maureen Makki. Women of the Sudan. Bendestorf, Germany: Verlag Dr. E. Ismail-Schmidt, 1990.

Jahn, Samia el-Azharia. "Traditional Methods of Water Purification of Sudanese Women." In Women and the Environment in the Sudan, ed. Diana Baxter, 49-57. Khartoum: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Khartoum, 1981.

Jok, Jok M. "Dinka Women and the Future of Dinka Society." Oxford Refugee Studies Network 20 (1995).

Jok, Jok Madut. "Women, sexuality and social behavior in Western Dinka : the impact of war on reproductive health in South Sudan." 1996.

Jok, Jok M. "Information Exchange in the Disaster Zone: Interaction Between Aid Workers and Recipients in South Sudan." Disasters 20, no. 3 (1996): 206-215.

Jok, Jok M. "Dinka and Nuer: War of/for Identities." In Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara, ed. John Middleton, 3, 344-345. New York: Scribner's Sons, 1997.

Jok, Jok Madut. Militarization, gender, and reproductive health in South Sudan. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1998.

Jok, J. M. "Militarization and gender violence in South Sudan." Journal of Asian and African Studies 34, no. 4 (1999): 427-442.

Jok, Jok M. "War, Social Transition, and Illness Conception: the Case of Tuberculosis in South Sudan." In Sudan's Predicament: Civil War, Displacement and Ecological Degradation, ed. Girma Kebbede, 62-87. Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1999.

Jok, Jok Madut , and Sharon E. Hutchinson. "Sudan's Prolonged Second Civil War and the Militarization of Nuer and Dinka Ethnic Identities." African Studies Review 42, no. 2 (1999): 125-45.

Kamier, El-Wathig M. The State of women studies in the Sudan. Khartoum: Development Studies and Research Centre Faculty of Economic & Social Studies University of Khartoum, 1985.

Kamil, Nafeesa. "Al-Maraa al-Sudaniyya bin Al-Mahdi wa Al-Hadir (Sudanese Women Past and Present)." In Doha, 1997.

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